Detailed Drug Information:
DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Cotrimoxazole is a combination ofsulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in a ratio of 5:1 or 1:2. Trimethoprimand sulfamethoxazole both block the production of folic acid, a necessarychemical for both bacteria and humans, and each is an effective antibioticwhen used alone. For more information on the individual drugs, pleasevisit their respective sites in the Pharmacy section. Cotrimoxazole wasapproved by the FDA in 1973.
PREPARATIONS: Tablets containing 160mg trimethoprim and 800mgsulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra); 320mg trimethoprim and 160mgsulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS; Septra DS).
STORAGE: The tablets should be kept at room temperature, 15-30°C(59-86°F).
PRESCRIBED FOR: Cotrimoxazole is used for urinary tractinfections, respiratory tract infections, middle ear infections, forprevention of infections due to pneumococcus in transplant recipients, forthe treatment or prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, chancroid,and prevention of toxoplasma encephalitis in patients with AIDS.
DOSING: Cotrimoxazole is taken two to three times daily, with orwithout meals, depending on the type and severity of infection. It shouldbe taken with 6 to 8 ounces of liquid to prevent crystals from forming inthe urine. Persons with advanced kidney disease may require lower doses.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Please read articles sulfamethoxazole andtrimethoprim.
PREGNANCY: The effects of the sulfonamide class of antibiotics,including sulfamethoxazole, on the fetus have not been adequately studied.Physicians may elect to use cotrimoxazole if its benefits are deemed tooutweigh potential risks. On the other hand, use of sulfonamides near term(that is, by the ninth month) may cause bilirubin to be displaced fromproteins in the infant's blood. Displacement of bilirubin can lead tojaundice and a dangerous condition called kernicterus in the infant. Forthis reason, cotrimoxazole should not be used near term in pregnant women.
NURSING MOTHERS: Please read the sulfamethoxazole andtrimethoprim articles.
SIDE EFFECTS: Please read the sulfamethoxazole andtrimethoprim articles.
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